International Journal of Science and Engineering Invention

Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Rice Straw Fibre and Walnut Shell ASH Particulate/Epoxy Composite

Chilee Ekwedigwe, Chidume Nwambu, Francis Osakwe, Eugene Nnuka — Mon, 16 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study focused on the effects of rice straw fibre and walnut shell ash particulates on the flexural and fatigue strength of epoxy composites. Conventional hand-lay-up techniques in five different weight proportions (i.e 2 wt.%, 4wt.%, 6wt.%, 8wt.% and 10wt.%) were used to reinforce the epoxy composites. The rice straw fibres were used to reinforce the epoxy composite separately, while rice straw fibres (RS_f) combined with walnut shell ash particulates (WSA_p) at an equal ratio were also used to reinforce the composites. The short beam shear tests were performed on the composites samples at room temperature to evaluate the flexural strength (according to ASTM D2344) and fatigue test. Both strengths were positively affected by reinforcement of the epoxy composites with rice straw fibre and walnut shell ash particulate. The presence of RS_f and WSA_p in the epoxy had great influences that altered the number of cycles obtained for the composite and shifted the cycle of failure to higher number. Amongst the different weight proportions, 6wt% of hybrid composite (rice straw fibre and walnut shell ash particulate) gave the highest flexural strength. A sustainable, affordable, and environmentally friendly alternative material for automotive, structural, and defense applications could be created with these epoxy biocomposites, which have improved mechanical properties.

Entropy Generation Analysis for a Transient Micropolar Thermofluidics: Numerical Strategy

Paresh Vyas, Manvi Adha — Thu, 12 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In this communication, A numerical solution strategy has been devised to compute entropy in a thermo-fluidic system comprising micropolar fluid in a Darcian regime bounded by a vertically moving plate experiencing time-dependent suction. The Crank- Nicolson numerical scheme exploited to solve the governing equations results in a tri-diagonal block matrix system. The resultant system is then solved by the Thomas algorithm, which provides pertinent quantities of interest. The velocity and thermal fields are used to compute entropy generation. The profiles for entropy generation and Bejan number are portrayed and discussed.

Zonal Estimation of Paddy Straw Based Bioenergy Potential using Landsat 8 OLI Satellite Imagery

Hemant Sahu, Pushpraj Singh — Sat, 05 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Paddy (Oryza Sativa L.) is one of the important crops not only in India but also in the world, it is vital to determine the paddy field and its residues viz. paddy straw as accurately as possible using fast and economical methods such as remote sensing and GIS to support bioenergy potential. Accurate and timely paddy field maps with a fine spatial resolution would greatly improve our understanding of the effects of paddy on food and water as well as energy security. In this study, special mapping algorithm that uses NDVI time series data derived from Landsat 8 OLI imagery developed to identify paddy fields and area to estimate the paddy crop residue potential and agriculture-based bioenergy potential in the study area. The results validated with ground field works data at 60 well-distributed sample points. It was found to be 25102.89 hectares in Kharif and 14527.89 hectares in Rabi season. Among all, Khishora and Hasda were having annual paddy straw potential of more than 1800 tonnes. Hasda and Khishora was having maximum paddy straw based bioenergy potential with more than 27000 GJ whereas Kewradih shows the maximum paddy straw based bioenergy potential of 101 GJ per households per annum and 20 GJ per capita per annum. The overall accuracy of the method was 74.0 % and kappa coefficient was 0.80.

A Review of Torque Ripple Minimization Strategies in Switched Reluctance Machines

Zainab M. Gwoma , Kayode A. Popoola, Sunusi S. Adamu, M. Buhari — Sat, 25 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Switched reluctance machines (SRMs) have proven to be reliable, efficient and cost effective over other conventional motors. However, its major drawback lies in its highly nonlinear characteristics which makes it to produce torque ripples, acoustic noise and vibration. A number of methods have been proposed for the minimization of the ripples produced by either changing and improving the structure and geometry of the motor or via a number of control strategies. Artificial intelligence techniques have also been explored for the minimization of these ripples. This paper reviews the state of the art on various control strategies for torque ripple minimization of the SRM. It is expected that this review paper will serve as an underlying platform for researchers meaning to traverse control of SRMs for further improvement.

Video Based Fire Detection and Alert System

Dr Ashwini S. Savanth, Akasha T, Dhriti M. Gowda, Mohamed Zubair — Fri, 04 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Effective fire detection is crucial for safeguarding lives and property. Fires pose not only direct risks but also economic damage, especially in the case of forest fires. Traditional fire detection systems rely on electronic sensors that detect heat, smoke, or other fire-related characteristics, but their accuracy can vary based on proximity. To overcome this, video-based fire detection methods have been carried out in this paper. One approach uses the HSV color model, applying a color mask and intensity threshold to identify fire pixels in video frames. The other approach employs deep learning with the Inception V3 CNN model, training it on fire and non-fire images to identify the video frames. While both methods provide real-time detection, the deep learning method, which captures complex patterns for greater accuracy, is more sophisticated than the HSV-based method in terms of simplicity. Choosing between the two depends on requirements and available resources. Video-based fire detection shows promise and warrants further research for system enhancement in different scenarios.

Heavy Metals and Their Toxic Effect in the Water of the River Bregava, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Tue, 28 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Water is one of the basic, necessary conditions for the survival and development of living organisms on Earth. Any deviation of water quality from prescribed physical, chemical and biological characteristics of drinking water can be considered as pollution and contamination. Heavy metals as parameters of water quality should indicate the degree of contamination of watercourses with polluting substances as a consequence of anthropogenic influence, their dependence on climatic conditions, as well as their toxicity from an ecological point of view. In this paper, the concentrations of heavy metals in the water of the Bregava River were analyzed at eight localities in four seasons, when the water level of the river is different, and the anthropogenic influence on their concentration was analyzed. The concentration of toxic elements in the environment is determined by the amount that entered the environment, but also by the processes that influence their further fate. The experimental values for the heavy metals Cr, Pb, and Mn do not deviate from the MAC (Maximum Allowable Concentration) for surface water, based on which it is estimated that the analyzed heavy metals have no toxicological impact on the aquatic ecosystem of the Bregava River or on humans.

Evaluation of Seismic Vulnerability of Specially Reinforced Concrete Frames (SRCF) by FEMA-P695 Method

Hamze Rouhi — Tue, 18 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Seismic behaviour of Special Reinforced Concrete Frame with high ductility, designed according to the 4th edition of Iranian earthquake standard 2800, in four structural models of 4, 8, 12, and 24 stories under all of earthquake records of the far-field and near-field recommended by FEMA-P695, have been evaluated by performing incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). Fragility curves are drawn for structural models. The results of this research and the evaluation of effective parameters in the evaluation of the safety margin of collapse show that the special reinforced concrete frame (SRCF) designed with the 4th edition of the 2800 standard, except for high-rise structures, has an acceptable performance against the design seismic loads and maximum credible earthquake.